Decarbonizing steel production. Is hydrogen the only lever?

Abstract

Steel is essential to modern civilization, but its production, which is still largely dependent on coal, is one of the biggest contributors to climate change. The decarbonisation of the steel industry requires innovative but still developing technologies, and their deployment poses significant challenges. The European steel industry is at a turning point, facing high energy costs and the need to reduce emissions. The report examines available technologies, assesses possible decarbonization pathways, and identifies barriers, uncertainties, and knowledge gaps.