Synthesis, characterization, and catalytic properties of micro-mesoporous, amorphous titanosilicate catalystsA, Keshavaraja and Veda , Ramaswamy and H S, Soni and A.V., Ramaswamy and P. , Ratnasamy (1995) Synthesis, characterization, and catalytic properties of micro-mesoporous, amorphous titanosilicate catalysts. Journal of Catalysis , 157 (2). pp. 501-511.
AbstractTitanosilicates, synthesized under ambient conditions in the absence of nitrogenated organic bases, exhibit (i) an amorphous nature (XRD, electron diffraction, TEM); (ii) a bimodal, narrow pore size distribution with pore widths around 0.8 and 3.6 nm, respectively, and surface areas of about 500-700 m2g−1 (BET); (iii) absorption bands at 960 cm−1 (IR) and 220 nm (UV), respectively; (iv) a radial electron density distribution pattern indicating the presence of isolated TiO4 units in a silica matrix; and (v) catalytic activity and selectivity comparable to crystalline TS-1 (MFI) in the oxidation (with aqueous H2O2) of benzene, toluene, and phenol. Unlike other solid catalysts known so far, these amorphous titanosilicates provide a higher yield of catechol than hydroquinone in the oxidation of phenol. In contrast to TS-1 or TS-2 (MEL), the oxyfunctionalization of the side chain in toluene is more predominant than the aromatic ring hydroxylation indicating a radical mechanism of oxidation.
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