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Natural gas
information
2018
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with 2017 data
Natural gas
information
2018
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INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY
The IEA examines the full spectrum of energy issues including oil, gas and coal supply
and demand, renewable energy technologies, electricity markets, energy efficiency, access
to energy, demand side management and much more. Through its work, the IEA advocates
policies that will enhance the reliability, affordability and sustainability of energy in its
30 member countries, 7 association countries and beyond.
The four main areas of IEA focus are:
n Energy Security: Promoting diversity, efficiency, flexibility and reliability for all fuels
and energy sources;
n Economic Development: Supporting free markets to foster economic growth and
eliminate energy poverty;
n Environmental Awareness: Analysing policy options to offset the impact
of energy production and use on the environment, especially for
tackling climate change and air pollution; and
n Engagement Worldwide: Working closely with association
and partner countries, especially major emerging
economies, to find solutions to shared
energy and environmental
concerns.
IEA member countries:
Australia
Austria
Belgium
Canada
Czech Republic
Denmark
Estonia
Finland
France
Germany
Greece
Hungary
Ireland
Italy
Japan
Korea
Luxembourg
Mexico
Netherlands
New Zealand
Norway
Poland
Portugal
Slovak Republic
Spain
Sweden
Switzerland
Turkey
United Kingdom
United States
The European Commission
also participates in
the work of the IEA.
Please note that this publication
is subject to specific restrictions
that limit its use and distribution.
The terms and conditions are
available online at www.iea.org/t&c/
© OECD/IEA, 2018
International Energy Agency
Website: www.iea.org
Together
Secure
Sustainable
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NATURAL GAS INFORMATION (2018 edition) - iii
TABLE OF CONTENTS
INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................................................................. v
NATURAL GAS OVERVIEW ...................................................................................................................... vii
PART I: EXPLANATORY NOTES
1. Definitions of products and flows ...................................................................................................................... I.3
2. Sources and notes ............................................................................................................................................... I.7
3. Geographical coverage ....................................................................................................................................... I.9
4. Recent data revisions ........................................................................................................................................ I.13
PART II: WORLD AND OECD NATURAL GAS DATA
Summary world and OECD balances .............................................................................................................................. II.2
World natural gas production (in Mcm and in TJ) ........................................................................................................... II.4
World natural gas consumption (in Mcm and in TJ) ....................................................................................................... II.8
World natural gas consumption for power generation (in Mcm and in TJ) ................................................................... II.12
World imports of natural gas (in Mcm and in TJ) ......................................................................................................... II.16
World exports of natural gas (in Mcm and in TJ) .......................................................................................................... II.20
World natural gas imports by origin (in Mcm) 2015, 2016, 2017 ................................................................................. II.22
World natural gas pipeline imports by origin (in Mcm) 2015, 2016, 2017 ................................................................... II.34
World LNG imports by origin (in Mcm) 2015, 2016, 2017 .......................................................................................... II.46
OECD natural gas exports by destination (in Mcm) 2015, 2016, 2017 ......................................................................... II.52
World reserves of natural gas ........................................................................................................................................ II.58
Share of OECD energy production by fuel .................................................................................................................... II.60
Share of OECD total primary energy supply by fuel ..................................................................................................... II.62
World LNG terminals .................................................................................................................................................... II.64
World gaseous gas storage capacity .............................................................................................................................. II.68
PART III: OECD DETAILED NATURAL GAS DATA
OECD Total ................................................................................................................................................................... III.2
OECD Americas ............................................................................................................................................................ III.6
OECD Asia Oceania .................................................................................................................................................... III.10
OECD Europe .............................................................................................................................................................. III.14
IEA Total ..................................................................................................................................................................... III.18
Australia ...................................................................................................................................................................... III.22
Austria ......................................................................................................................................................................... III.26
Belgium ....................................................................................................................................................................... III.30
Canada ......................................................................................................................................................................... III.34
Chile ............................................................................................................................................................................ III.38
Czech Republic ............................................................................................................................................................ III.42
Denmark ...................................................................................................................................................................... III.46
Estonia ......................................................................................................................................................................... III.50
Finland ......................................................................................................................................................................... III.54
France .......................................................................................................................................................................... III.58
Germany ...................................................................................................................................................................... III.62
Greece .......................................................................................................................................................................... III.66
Hungary ....................................................................................................................................................................... III.70
Ireland .......................................................................................................................................................................... III.74
Israel ............................................................................................................................................................................ III.78
Italy .............................................................................................................................................................................. III.82
Japan ............................................................................................................................................................................ III.86
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iv - NATURAL GAS INFORMATION (2018 edition)
Korea ........................................................................................................................................................................... III.90
Latvia ........................................................................................................................................................................... III.94
Luxembourg................................................................................................................................................................. III.98
Mexico ....................................................................................................................................................................... III.102
Netherlands ................................................................................................................................................................ III.106
New Zealand .............................................................................................................................................................. III.110
Norway ...................................................................................................................................................................... III.114
Poland ........................................................................................................................................................................ III.118
Portugal ...................................................................................................................................................................... III.122
Slovak Republic ......................................................................................................................................................... III.126
Slovenia ..................................................................................................................................................................... III.130
Spain .......................................................................................................................................................................... III.134
Sweden ...................................................................................................................................................................... III.138
Switzerland ................................................................................................................................................................ III.142
Turkey ........................................................................................................................................................................ III.146
United Kingdom ........................................................................................................................................................ III.150
United States .............................................................................................................................................................. III.154
Country notes ........................................................................................................................................................... III.159
Abbreviations and conversion factors .................................................................................................................... III.175
PART IV: NATURAL GAS PRICES
Natural gas import prices into Europe by pipeline (in US dollars/MBtu and in national currency/MBtu) ............................ IV.2
LNG import prices into Europe (in US dollars/MBtu and in national currency) ........................................................... IV.6
LNG import prices into Japan and Korea (in US dollars/MBtu) ................................................................................. IV.10
LNG import prices into Japan and Korea (in national currency/MBtu) ...................................................................... IV.12
LNG and natural gas import prices into the United States (in US dollars/MBtu) ........................................................ IV.14
Natural gas prices for industry in national currency .................................................................................................... IV.16
Natural gas prices for households in national currency ............................................................................................... IV.17
Natural gas prices for electricity generation in national currency ............................................................................... IV.18
Natural gas prices for industry in US dollars ............................................................................................................... IV.19
Natural gas prices for households in US dollars .......................................................................................................... IV.20
Natural gas prices for electricity generation in US dollars .......................................................................................... IV.21
Price comparison for competing fuels for industry (in US dollars/toe) ....................................................................... IV.22
Price comparison for competing fuels for households (in US dollars/toe) .................................................................. IV.23
Price comparison for competing fuels for electricity generation (in US dollars/toe) ................................................... IV.24
PART V: HISTORICAL TIME SERIES FOR OECD COUNTRIES
Natural gas production .................................................................................................................................................... V.2
Natural gas imports ......................................................................................................................................................... V.4
Natural gas exports ......................................................................................................................................................... V.6
Natural gas consumption ................................................................................................................................................ V.8
Natural gas consumption in transformation .................................................................................................................. V.10
Natural gas consumption in energy industry own use .................................................................................................. V.12
Natural gas final consumption ...................................................................................................................................... V.14
Natural gas consumption in transport ........................................................................................................................... V.16
Natural gas consumption in industry ............................................................................................................................ V.18
Natural gas consumption in the residential sectors ........................................................................................................... V.20
Natural gas consumption in the other sectors (e.g. commerce and public services, agriculture) ......................................... V.22
OECD GDP and industrial production index ............................................................................................................... V.24
OECD natural gas supply per unit of GDP and per capita ............................................................................................ V.26
Key energy and CO2 emissions from fuel combustion data for OECD countries in 2015 ........................................... V.28
PART VI: MAPS OF PIPELINE INFRASTRUCTURE – ORGANISATION AND
REGULATION OF GAS TRANSPORTATION ............................................................. VI.1
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NATURAL GAS INFORMATION (2018 edition) - v
INTRODUCTION
Natural Gas Information 2018 is the latest edition of a
publication on natural gas that has been produced an- nually since 1996. Previously, statistical information
on natural gas was included in the publication Oil and
Gas Information; however given the increasing prom- inence of natural gas in the global economy, the need
was seen for a publication dedicated solely to this en- ergy source.
Natural Gas Information 2018 brings together in one
volume the basic statistics compiled by the IEA on
natural gas supply and demand. It also includes in- formation on prices, storage capacity, LNG and pipe- line trade, LNG terminals as well as maps on the dis- tribution network in OECD countries1,2.
Part I of this publication provides a summary of the
key trends in supply and demand that emerged in
2016 and 2017.
Part II, World and OECD data, provides summary
tables of world and OECD natural gas developments,
with time series back to 1973.
Part III, OECD detailed natural gas data, provides in
tabular form a more detailed and comprehensive picture
of gas supply, demand and end-use consumption for
the OECD by region and individual countries.
Part IV, natural gas prices, provides information about
natural gas and LNG prices.
Part V, Historical time series for OECD countries,
includes historical time series of production and con- sumption by sector and selected indicators.
Part VI, Maps of pipeline infrastructure and organisa- tion and regulation of gas transportation, shows the
1. This document is without prejudice to the status of or sovereignty
over any territory, to the delimitation of international frontiers and
boundaries and to the name of any territory, city or area.
2. In this publication, “country” refers to a country or a territory, as the
case may be.
gas pipeline network for important gas regions and for
each OECD country, and provides some information
on the organisation and regulation of natural gas
transportation in the country.
The OECD has 35 member countries3
: Australia,
Austria, Belgium, Canada, Chile, Czech Republic,
Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece,
Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Israel, Italy, Japan, Korea,
Latvia, Luxembourg, Mexico, the Netherlands,
New Zealand, Norway, Poland, Portugal,
Slovak Republic, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland,
Turkey, the United Kingdom and the United States.
Energy data for all member countries are presented in
Parts III and V alongside OECD totals, regional ag- gregates and IEA aggregates. The IEA has 30 member
countries: all the member countries of the OECD ex- cept Chile, Latvia, Iceland, Israel, and Slovenia.
Natural gas data reported for 2017 (shown as 2017p)
are provisional data based on submissions received in
early 2018 and on monthly submissions from OECD
member countries. The submissions received in early
2018 consisted of simplified questionnaires covering
only supply data. In some instances it has been neces- sary for the IEA to estimate some data. Explanations
of the estimates are provided in the country notes. All
data for 2017 for non-member countries have been
estimated by the IEA Secretariat.
Parts II, III, IV and V data are also available online
and on CD-ROM. For more information on other IEA
energy statistics publications or to order, please refer
to the end of this publication. Moreover data is also
available on a pay-per-view basis. Details are available
at http://data.iea.org.
3. Lithuania was not an OECD member at the time of preparation of
this publication. Accordingly, Lithuania does not appear in the list of
OECD Members and is not included in the zone aggregates.
INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY © OECD/IEA, 2018
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vi - NATURAL GAS INFORMATION (2018 edition)
Data were collected by the team in the Energy Data
Centre (EDC) of the IEA Secretariat, headed by
Duncan Millard.
Within the IEA, for OECD members, data were pre- pared: by Beatriz Martinez for coal, by Aidan
Kennedy, Mark Mateo and Julian Smith for elec- tricity, by Dae Yong Kwon and Samantha Mead for
renewables, by Angela Ortega Pastor and Laura
Thomson for oil, and by Faidon Papadimoulis and Aitor
Soler Garcia for natural gas. OECD fuel data were
prepared under the responsibility of Vladimir Kubecek
and Julian Prime for coal, electricity and renewables,
and under the responsibility of Erica Robin for oil and
natural gas. OECD energy balances data were prepared
by Rémi Gigoux, under the responsibility of Roberta
Quadrelli. Non-OECD countries statistics were prepared
by Nicolas Coënt, Laila El-Ashmawy, Musa Erdogan,
Markus Fager-Pintilä, Julia Guyon, Nikolaos Kordevas,
Agnieszka Koscielniak, Dae Yong Kwon, Claire Morel,
under the responsibility of Céline Rouquette.
Erica Robin has overall responsibility for this report.
The publication and statistics were prepared by
Faidon Papadimoulis and Aitor Soler Garcia. Desktop
publishing was carried out by Sharon Burghgraeve.
We would like to thank our numerous contacts world- wide in national administrations and in public and
private companies for their helpful co-operation.
Enquiries about data or methodology in this publica- tion should be addressed to:
Energy Data Center
International Energy Agency, OECD
E-mail: gasaq@iea.org
What’s new
New IEA Member: Mexico
Mexico became the International Energy Agency’s 30th member country on 17 February 2018. Accordingly,
starting with the 2018 edition, Mexico appears in the list of IEA Members and is included in the IEA zone ag- gregates for data starting in 1971 and for the entire time series.
New Association country: Brazil
Brazil joined the IEA as an Association country in October 2017. Accordingly, Brazil is not included in the
IEA and Accession/Association countries aggregate for data starting in 1971 and for the entire time series.
INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY © OECD/IEA, 2018
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NATURAL GAS INFORMATION (2018 edition) - vii
NATURAL GAS OVERVIEW
Production
In 20171
, global natural gas production hit a new record
of 3 768 Billion cubic metres (Bcm). This is a 3.6%
(+132.0 Bcm) increase compared to 2016 which consti- tutes the largest increase since 2010. Natural gas produc- tion has been rising every year since the economic crisis
of 2009 with a compound annual growth rate of 2.6%.
Figure 1. World natural gas production by region
Billion cubic metres
The additional 132.0 Bcm produced in 2017 was ap- proximately proportionately split between the regions
although non-OECD Europe/Eurasia has the largest
rise due to a considerable increase of Russian produc- tion (+49.8 Bcm; +7.7%).
The share of new producing countries outside OECD
and non-OECD Europe/Eurasia in the global produc- tion has more than doubled since 1990, rising from
16.8% to 39.8%. However, despite the continued in- creased volumes the share for 2017 remained stable.
1. All energy data for 2017 are provisional.
In the OECD, overall, natural gas production rose by
2.3% (from 1 319 Bcm to 1 349 Bcm). This growth
occurred due to the sustained increase in Australia
(+18.4 Bcm; +21.1%) and Canada (+10.2 Bcm; +5.9%),
whereas on the other hand production in the
Netherlands (-6.8 Bcm) and Mexico (-5.1 Bcm) con- tinued to decline. The United States returned to
growth (+5.2 Bcm) even though a small one.
Outside the OECD, the growth was mostly driven
by members of the Gas Exporting Countries Forum
(GECF)2
whose production increased +5.6% (from
1 342 Bcm to 1 417 Bcm) compared to 2016. Over half
of that growth is attributed to the Russian Federation
(+49.8 Bcm), which is followed by the scaling of pro- duction in Iran (+14.0 Bcm) and Egypt (+8.5 Bcm).
Figure 2. World natural gas production
by organisation
Billion cubic metres
In countries not members of the OECD or GECF pro- duction increased by 2.7%, breaking the 1 Tcm limit
2. GECF member countries are: Algeria, Bolivia, Egypt, Equatorial
Guinea, Iran, Libya, Nigeria, Qatar, Russia, Trinidad and Tobago,
United Arab Emirates and Venezuela.
0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
3000
3500
4000
Non-OECD Americas Africa
Asia (incl. China) Middle East
Non-OECD Europe/Eurasia OECD
0
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
1400
1600
OECD GECF Rest of the World
INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY © OECD/IEA, 2018
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